PHARMACOLOGY
AUG- 2008
1)
Drug
of choice for congestive cardiac failure
Digoxin, digitoxin
2)
Two
uses of rifampicin
Tuberculosis, lerosy,
brucellosis
3)
Mention
two drugs used in angina pectoris
Nitroglycerine,
prpranolol
4)
Name
two antiviral drugs
Acyclovir, amantidine, lmivudine,
tenolovir
FEB-2009
1)
State any four antileprosy drugs
Dapsone, rifampicin,
fluoroquinolones, clofazimine
2)
Mention two oral hypoglycemic
drugs
Glipizide, meltformin
3)
Name
any 2 nurses responsibility before administering oral hypoglycemic agent
I-
Educate
the patient to follow proper dietary and exercise regimen
II-
Monitor
for adverse effects
4)
What
are bronchodilators
Bronchodilators are any drug or other
agents that causes dilation of the bronchial tubes by relaxing the bronchial
muscle.
AUG-2009
1)
Two
uses of aspirin
I-
Used
as anti-inflammatory and antipyretics
II-
Post
myocardial infarction and stroke patients
2)
Name
any 4 common side effects of antihistamine drugs
Sedation, reduced
alertness, inability to concentration, hed ache,listlessness
3)
Name
2 antifibrinolytic drugs
Epsilon aminocaproic
acid, aprotinin
4)
Name
2 adverse effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics
I-
Ototoxicity
– toxicity to the ear
II-
Nephrotoxicity
– cause damage to renal tubules
III-
Neuromuscular
blockade – blocks neuromuscular transmission
FEB-2010
1)
Two
uses of acyclovir
Herps zoster, chcken pox
2)
Ennumerate
two antimalarial dugs
Chloro qunine,
tetracycline, clindmycin, dexicycline
3)
Tow
advantages of intravenous route of administration
I-
The
bio availability is 100%
II-
The
onset of action is fastest
III-
Very
useful in emergency
IV-
The
drugs reaches directly into the blood stream
FEB-2011
1)
What
is drug dependence
Drug dependence is a
state of compulsive use of drugs though the person is aware of risks associated
with its use
2)
What
is used for reversal of warfarin
Vitamin K, oxide
3)
Name
any 4 side effects of anti cncerous drugs in GI systems
Emetogenicity,
hyperuricemia, stomatitis, esophagitis, glossitis and diarrhoea, ulcers
4)
What
is teratogen and give examples
Teratogen are the drugs
which has the ability to cause abnormalities in the fetus whenadministered to
the pregnant lady
Eg: thalidomide, tetracycline
FEB-2012
1)
Name
first line anti tuberculosis drugs
Isoniagid, ethmbutol,
rifampicin, streptomycin, pyraginamide, thiacetagone
2)
Name
2 drugs used in p eptic ulcer
Pantoprazole, cimetidine,
sucralfate
3)
Name
2 diuretics with mechanism of action
I-
Frusemide-
inhibits Nacl reabsortion of henles loop and greatly increases the excretion of
Na+ and Cl- in the urine
II-
Amiloride
– directly acting on distal tubes and collecting duct, which enhance Na+
excretion and reduce K+ loss by acting on ion channels
AUG-2012
1)
Mention
the parentral routes of drug administration
Injection, inhalations,
transdermal route, transmucosal route
2)
Ennumerate
any 4 oral hypoglycemic drugs
Glipizide, metformin,
tolbutamide, acarbose
3)
Mention
2 uses of diazepam
Releive muscle spasm,
febrile consultions, epilepticus
4)
Mention
4 uses of aspirin
I-
Prevention
of thrombo embolic phenomena,
II-
As
analgesic for various aches
5)
What
is placebo
Placebo are pseudo drugs, inert and
harmless susbtance which physically resembles the actual medicine. It wors at
psychological level and not at the pharmacodynamic level
FEB-2013
1)
Prodrug
Inactive in its original form and is
converted into active as it enters systemic circulation
2)
Teratogenicity
It is the ability of a drug to
produce harmful efect of various drugs on fetus when give in pregnancy
3)
Write
a few side effects of cetrizine
Drowsiness, dry mouth, diarrhoea,
vomiting, stomach pain, exessive tiredness
4)
Mention
few side effects of warfarin
Nose bleeds, coughing up blood, chest
pain, vision changes , itching
AUG-2013
1)
Define
tachyphylaxis
When a drug is given repeatedly at
shorter intervals, the effect of drug decreases due to development of tolerance
2)
Name
4 analgesic drugs
I-
Acetaminophen
II-
Ibuprofen
III-
Tramadol
IV-
Morphine
V-
Codeine
3)
Name
4 drugs used in migraine
Aspirin, naproxen, diclofenac,
ibuprofen atenolol
FEB-2014
1)
Advantages
of oral routes of drug administration
I-
Oldest
and safest route of administration
II-
Does
not need assistance for adults
III-
Oral
formulations are usually cheaper than other formulation
2)
Name
4 drugs used in cough
Dextromethorphan, levodropropizine,
codeine, ambroxol
3)
Name
4 general anesthetics
I-
Nitrous
oxide
II-
Diazepam
III-
Midazolam
IV-
Halothane
V-
Cyclopropane
AUG-2014
1)
Name
4 diuretic drugs
Furosemide, amiloride,
spironolactone, hydrochlorothiazide
2)
Name
4 anti-diarrhoeal drugs
Loperamide, diphenoxylate,
nitroimidazole, fluoroquinolones, nitrozoxanide
3)
Name
4 anti-tuberculous drugs
I-
II
line – amikacin, ethionamide, para aminosalicylic acid , cycloserine,
capreomycin
FEB-2015
1)
Define
chemotherapy
Chemicals which is used in the
treatment of infectious disese and in the treatment of cancer
2)
Mention
4 adverse effects of corticosteroids
Insomnia, metalic taste, fluid
retention, mood changes, increased appetite
3)
Name
2 uses of atropine
I-
Sinus
bradycardia
II-
Antidote
for poisoning
III-
Spasm
or cramps in stomach
IV-
Rhinorrhea
AUG-2015
1)
Four
drugs used in management of myocardial infarction
Lisinopril, ramipril, metoprolol,
streptokinase
2)
Drugs
used in peptic ulcer
Lansoprazole, pantoprazole, aluminium
hydroxide, cimetidine, ranitidine
3)
Drugs
used in epilepsy
Phenytain, primidone, diazepam,
lorazepam, lamotrigine, valproic acid
4)
Mention
2 uses of nitroglycerines
Angina pectories, chronic heart
failure
5)
Mention
2 uses of oral contraceptives
·
Most
popular and more effective
·
Prevent
pregnancy
·
Regulate
menstrual cycle
AUG-2016
1)
Treatment
of methotrexate toxicity
·
Inhibits
anti-inflammatary action
·
Inhibits
dihydrofolate reductas [DHFR] thus inhibits formation of tetrahydrofolate
synthesis [THF]
·
Used
in rheumatoid arthritis, sever psoriasis, myasthenia gravis, uveitis
2)
Name
any 4 nasal decongestants
·
Ephedrine
·
Phenylephrine
·
Xylometazoline
·
Oxymetazoline
·
Budesonide
3)
Different
between vaccine and sera
VACCINE :
Used
to stimulate production of antibodies and proide active immunity artificial
active immunisation provides memorized long term immunity
SERA :
Used
to provide preformed antibodies and provide passive immunity artificial passive
immunisation
Provides non-memorized short term
immunity
4)
Define
counter irritant and name 2 example
It is a substance which crets
irritation or mild inflammation in one location with goal of lessening
discomfort or inflammation in another location
EXAMPLE: camphar, menthal, capsaicin, methyl salicylate
FEB-2017
1)
Name
4 uses of morphine
·
Analgesics
and releives pain
·
Depresses
respiratory center
·
Suppresses
cogh
·
Regulate
temperature
·
Provides
sedation
2)
define
synergism with example
when 2 drugs combined together,
results in additive or potentiation
EX: paracetamol + brufen – analgesic
-
antipyretic
-
anti-
inflammatory
3)
mention
2 uses of fibrinolytics
·
acute
myocardial infarction
·
deep
vein thrombosis
·
pulmonary
emboli
AUG-2017
1)
define
astringents with examples
it is a drug that reacts chemically
with cellural poteins producing limited coagulation which is accompained with
shrinkage of body tissues.
Eg: tannic acid,alchol, aluminium salts, very cold
water
2)
name
4 antidiabetic agents
tolbutamide, metformin, glipizide,
repaglinide, glimepride
3)
name
2 cardio selective beta blockers
metoprolol, atenolol, acebutolol,
esinolol
4)
management
of orgnophate poisoning
·
if
poisoning is through skin remove clothing and wash skin with soap and water
·
oral
gastric lavage in given
·
maintain
BP and patent airway
·
drug
of choice atropine administer
·
administer
cholnestrate reactivators